The most complete home improvement manual on the market, this book offers more than 2, photos, drawings, and understandable, practical text. Readers will find essential instruction on plumbing and electrical repairs, heating and cooling, roofing and siding, cabinets and countertops, and more. Information is also provided on tools, materials, and basic skills, plus step-by-step projects with how-to photo sequences. Top to bottom, inside and out, this is the single, ultimate resource book for home projects and repairs.
This updated and expanded edition of Creative Homeowner's comprehensive, bestselling plumbing how-to book covers the most up-to-date products and techniques. Strong emphasis in the how-to information is placed on doing things correctly, so all of the projects use only code-compliant techniques.
Ultimate Guide: Plumbing, 4th Edition prepares the do-it-yourselfer to handle any plumbing task in the home, from replacing a washer in a leaky faucet to renovating a bathroom. It also gives readers an overview of a house's plumbing system, including supply, waste, and vent piping, and explains the basic physics that keep everything working well.
The eighth edition has been updated with the latest information on everything from big screen TVs to 3-way switches required by the National Electrical Code. More Information Weight 2. Only registered users can write reviews. Please Sign in or create an account. Related Products. UPC : Description About the Book Discusses the basics of electricity and offers step-by-step instruction for eighty-five home wiring projects, including wiring switches, receptacles, light fixtures, outdoor lighting, and home automation.
Book Synopsis Ultimate Guide: Wiring, 8th Edition demystifies residential electrical systems with easy-to-understand language, step-by-step photography, and detailed illustrations.
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This item must be returned within 90 days of the in-store purchase, ship date or online order pickup. See return policy for details. See the return policy for complete information. More to consider. Featured products. Show more From the manufacturer Loading, please wait Shui And Sep 8th, Improvement pdf free download made by Jackson Ward at July 12 has been Book FormatPDF. Language English. Greenfield: A brand name for an early type of flexible Short circuit: An accidental and improper contact metal conduit.
The current term is flexible metal conduit. Grounded wire: See neutral wire. Switch: A device that controls electricity passing Grounding wire: A wire used in an electrical circuit to through hot circuit wires.
Used to turn lights and conduct current to the service panel in the event of a ground appliances on and off. The grounding wire often is a bare copper wire.
In an electrical an organization that tests electrical devices and circuit, the hot wire usually is covered with black or manufactured products for safety. Voltage or volts : A measurement of electricity in terms Insulator: Any material, such as plastic or rubber, that of pressure. Insulating materials Wattage or watt : A measurement of electrical power protect wires and cables. Watts can be calculated Junction box: See box.
Meter: A device used to measure the amount of electrical Wire connector: A device used to connect two or more power being used. Also called a wire nut. Chandelier Wall switch Receptacles Switch loop Separate volt circuit for microwave oven oven. GFCI receptacles Separate volt circuit for water heater heater. Electric meter measures the amount the amount of electrical of electricity power consumed and displays Service panel distributes the measurement inside electrical power into circuits circuits.
Bonding wire to metal grounding rod rod. Bonding wire to metal water pipe pipe. Jumper wire is used to bypass the water meter and ensures an uninterrupted grounding bonding pathway pathway. Household circuits carry electricity from the main service panel, throughout the house, and Service back to the main service panel.
Several switches, panel receptacles, light fixtures, or appliances may be connected to a single circuit. Current enters a circuit loop on hot wires and Main circuit returns along neutral wires. These wires are color Main circuit hot wires coded for easy identification. Hot wires are black neutral wire Circuit breakers or red, and neutral wires are white or light gray.
For safety, all modern circuits include a bare copper or green insulated grounding wire. The grounding wire conducts current in the event of a ground fault see page and helps reduce the chance of severe electrical shock. The service panel also has a bonding wire connected to a metal water pipe and a grounding wire connected to a metal grounding rod, buried underground, or to another type of grounding electrode.
If a circuit carries too much current, it can overload. A fuse or a circuit breaker protects each circuit in case of overloads. Current returns to the service panel along a neutral circuit wire.
Current then leaves the house on a large neutral service wire that returns it to the utility transformer. Contrary to popular belief, electricity will take all available return paths to water and gas pipes are the most common examples.
A metal water and gas pipe could become energized by coming in contact with a damaged electrical wire. In a Metal gas pipe could become energized by a ground household wiring system, this return path is provided fault in a gas appliance such as a furnace.
A service panel. From the service panel, current returns person could receive a fatal shock if he or she touches along the uninsulated neutral service wire to a power energized metal that is improperly bonded, because pole transformer. Bonding is also a fire safety system that in this and other books about electricity. These terms reduces the chance of electrical fires. Grounding also metal conduit, in a continuous low-resistance path provides a secondary return path for electricity in case back to the main service panel.
If this metal becomes there is a problem in the normal return path. The dead electrode. The most common grounding electrode circuit alerts people to a problem. Metal ufer ground. Current Service panel Black hot wire returns to Grounding wire transformer White neutral wire Grounding screw Grounding wire Loose hot wire Grounding wire to Grounding wire to grounding rods grounding rods 8 ft. Small amount 8 ft. The grounding wire and bonded metal white neutral wire.
Most current in the bonding and ground system flows back to the transformer; some may trickle out through the copper that leads to the grounding node. By plugging a receptacles that accepted polarized plugs. The three-prong plug into a grounded three-slot receptacle, two-slot polarized plug and receptacle was designed to people are protected from ground faults that occur in keep hot current flowing along black or red wires and appliances, tools, or other electric devices.
Use a receptacle adapter to plug three-prong The metal jacket around armored cable and plugs into two-slot receptacles, but use it only if the flexible metal conduit, widely installed in homes receptacle connects to a grounding wire or grounded during the s, provided a bonding path. When electrical box.
Note, however, mounting screw. The mounting screw connects the that deterioration of this older cable may decrease its adapter to the grounded metal electrical box. Modern NM nonmetallic cable, Armored cable is sold pre-installed in Polarized receptacles have a long slot found in most wiring systems installed a flexible metal housing.
It contains a and a short slot. Used with a polarized after , contains a bare copper wire green insulated ground wire along with plug, the polarized receptacle keeps that provides bonding for receptacle black and white conductors. Flexible electrical current directed for safety. Tamper resistent three-slot A receptacle adapter allows Double-insulated tools have receptacles are required by code three-prong plugs to be inserted into non-conductive plastic bodies to for new homes.
They are usually two-slot receptacles. The adapter should prevent shocks caused by ground connected to a standard two-wire cable only be used with receptacles mounted faults. Because of these features, with ground. As with any tool purchase, The materials used for electrical wiring have changed dramatically in the last 20 years, making it much easier for homeowners to do their invest in quality products when you buy tools for own electrical work.
The following pages show electrical work. Keep your tools clean, and sharpen or how to work with the following components for replace any cutting tools that have dull edges.
Electrical tapes in a variety of colors are used for cavities and for pulling wires through conduit. Products marking wires and for attaching cables to a fish tape. Although most household electrical repairs are simple and straightforward, the circuit breaker that controls the circuit you are servicing.
Then check to make sure the power is off by testing for power with a voltage tester. Tip: Test a live always use caution and good judgment when working circuit with the voltage tester to verify that it is working with electrical wiring or devices. Common sense can before you rely on it. Restore power only when the prevent accidents. The basic rule of electrical safety is: Always turn Follow the safety tips shown on these pages. At Never attempt an electrical project beyond your skill the main service panel, remove the fuse or shut off or confidence level.
Shut power OFF at the main service panel or the main Create a circuit index and affix it to the inside of the door to fuse box before beginning any work. Update it as needed. These fixture with a voltage tester. On damp floors, stand on a rubber mat or dry household repairs near the service mast. Extension cords are for temporary use only.
Cords must be Breakers and fuses must be compatible with the panel rated for the intended usage. Never alter the prongs of a plug to fit a receptacle. If Do not penetrate walls or ceilings without first shutting off possible, install a new grounded receptacle. Selecting the appropriate size and type and handling it correctly is absolutely necessary to a successful wiring project that will pass inspection.
Copper wire is the primary conductor of electricity in any home. The electricity itself travels on the outer surfaces of the wire, so insulation is normally added to the wires to protect against shock and fires.
The insulated wires are frequently grouped together and bound up in rugged plastic sheathing according to gauge and function. Multiple wires housed in shared sheathing form a cable. In some cases, the wires are grouped in metal or plastic tubes known as conduit. Conduit also known as raceway is used primarily in situations where the cables or wires are exposed, such as open garage walls.
This chapter introduces some of the many varieties of wire, cable, and conduit used in home construction and explains which types to use where.
It also will demonstrate the essential skills used to run new cable, install conduit, strip sheathing, make wire connections, and more. Solid copper wires are the best conductors of electricity and are In most wiring systems installed after , the wires and cables are insulated with plastic vinyl. This type of insulation is very durable and can last as long the most widely used.
Aluminum and copper-covered as the house itself. Before , wires and cables were insulated with A group of two or more wires enclosed in a metal, rubber. Rubber insulation has a life expectancy of about rubber, or plastic sheath is called a cable see photo, 25 years. Old insulation that is cracked or damaged opposite page.
The sheath protects the wires from can be reinforced temporarily by wrapping the wire damage. Conduit also protects wires, but it is not with plastic electrical tape. However, old wiring with considered a cable.
An exception is a bare copper Wires must be large enough for the amperage grounding wire, which does not need an insulation rating of the circuit see chart, below right.
A wire cover. The insulation is color coded see chart, below that is too small can become dangerously hot. Wire left to identify the wire as a hot wire, a neutral wire, sizes are categorized according to the American Wire or a grounding wire. New cable sheathing is also Gauge AWG system. To check the size of a wire, use color coded to indicate the size of the wires inside.
Wire sizes shown actual size are categorized by the American In some circuit installations, the white wire serves as a hot wire Wire Gauge system. The larger the wire size, the smaller the AWG that carries voltage. If so, this white wire may be labeled with number. The ampacities in this table are for copper wires in NM black tape or paint to identify it as a hot wire. The ampacity for the same wire in conduit is usually more.
The ampacity for aluminum wire is less. Wires are covered with a layer of rubberized cloth, cloth fabric, but have butadditional no have no additional protection. Metal clad cable MC and armored cable AC have been around since the s. Early versions had no grounding function, but existed solely to protect the wires that were threaded into it. Later armored cable products either had ground wire twisted in with the flexible metal cover or relied on the metal cover itself for connecting to ground.
Modern MC contains an insulated ground wire along with the conductors. Metal conduit was installed during the middle of the 20th century as a way to protect hot and neutral conductors. The conduit itself often was employed for connecting to ground. Early NM nonmetallic cable was used from until It features a rubberized fabric sheathing that protects individual wires. NM cable greatly simplified installations because separate wires no longer had to be pulled by hand through a conduit or armored cable.
Early NM cable had no grounding wire. NM cable nonmetallic was developed cable was around developed around The UF underground feeder cable has wires embedded in a solid-core plastic vinyl sheathing and includes a bare copper grounding wire. It is designed for installations in damp conditions, such as buried circuits. It is available in lengths up to 25 ft. Or you can buy bulk cable B in any length. A NM nonmetallic sheathed cable should be used for most indoor wiring projects in dry locations.
NM cable is sold in boxed rolls that contain from 25 to ft. B of cable. Each wire, purchased individually, is covered with a color-coded thermoplastic insulating jacket. It can also be used or amp appliances that require 8-gauge for kitchen ranges and other amp or amp or larger wire. It is similar to NM cable, but appliances that require 8-gauge or larger wire. Large-appliance conducting wire is made from fine-stranded cable is available in both 2-wire and copper wires.
SE cable is available in both 3-wire types. Cat 5 Category 5 cable is used mostly for 2-wire and 3-wire types. The cable contains four pairs of twisted copper wire with color-coded insulation. UF cable underground is used for feeder wiringcable in damp is used locations, for wiring in damp such as in locations, an outdoorsuch circuit.
Your phone company may recommend thatwires the protects inside. NM cable is allowed. Eight-wire cable has extra wires that are left unattached. These extra wires allow for future expansion of the system. The bare grounding wire is not counted. For example, raceway installations.
Code two insulated gauge wires, plus a bare copper grounding requires certain letter combinations for certain applications. H stands for heat wires plus a grounding wire. Wire coded with an Laboratories UL. N is impervious to damage from oil or gas. Minimum: two Minimum: two Minimum: two gauge wires gauge wires gauge wires Maximum: four gauge Maximum: four or three gauge wires gauge wires Maximum: two gauge wires Use wire connectors rated for the wires you are connecting. Wire connectors are color-coded by size, but the coding scheme varies according to manufacturer.
The wire connectors shown above come from one major manufacturer. To ensure safe connections, each connector is rated for both minimum and maximum wire capacity. These connectors can be used to connect both conducting wires and grounding wires. Green wire connectors are used only for grounding wires. Ampacity varies by the size of the wires. When installing gauge 20 amps 1, watts volts a new circuit, choose wire with 3, watts volts an ampacity rating matching the gauge 30 amps 2, watts volts circuit size.
For dedicated appliance watts volts circuits, check the wattage rating of the appliance and make sure it does 8-gauge 40 amps 7, watts volts not exceed the maximum wattage load of the circuit. The ampacities in 6-gauge 55 amps 10, watts volts this table are for copper wires in NM cable. Slide the cable ripper hand, and pull the cable ripper toward and the paper wrapping from the onto the cable, and squeeze tool firmly the end of the cable to cut open the individual wires.
Choose the jaws of a combination tool. Leave a minimum opening that matches the gauge of of 3" of wire running past the edge of the wire, and take care not to nick or the box.
Choose the stripper opening that the hole of the correct gauge in a pair of Tighten the screw firmly. Insulation matches the gauge of the wire, and then wire strippers. The wire should have no should just touch head of screw. Never clamp the wire in the tool. Pull the wire scratches or nicks. Instead, use a pigtail wire see page Choose Push-in connectors are a relatively new product staples sized to match the cables.
These connectors are perfect attaching telephone cables. Grasp the wires to Twist a wire connector over the ends of the wires. The ends sure the connector is the right size see page Hand-twist of the wires should be flush and they should be parallel and the connector as far onto the wires as you can. There should touching. Rotate the pliers clockwise two or three turns to be no bare wire exposed beneath the collar of the connector.
By code, you cannot bind the wire joint with tape only, but joined, and insert each wire into a push-in connector. Gently it can be used as insurance. Few professional electricians use tug on each wire to make sure it is secure. Note: Pigtailing is done mainly to avoid connecting multiple wires to one terminal, which is a code violation. Fold the wires neatly and press the fitting one end of the wire to the grounding screw before you attach into the box.
Check with your building inspector before using NM cable. Some areas, such as the masonry walls with dirt on the other side. Cut and Chicago area, do not allow NM cable. Refer to your wiring plan to make sure each length of cable is correct for the circuit size and configuration. Cable runs are difficult to measure exactly, so leave plenty of extra wire when cutting each length.
Cable splices inside walls are not allowed by code. When inserting cables into a circuit breaker panel, make sure the power is shut off. After all cables are installed and all the ground wires spliced, call your electrical inspector to arrange for the rough-in inspection.
Prevent kinks by Hammer Wire connectors straightening the cable before pulling it through the studs. Use Fish tape Eye and ear protection plastic grommets to protect cables on steel studs inset. Joists can be notched only in the end third of the overall span; never in the middle third of the joist. Different rules apply to wood I-joists, metal-plate-connected trusses, engineered beams, and beams assembled from lumber. In general, you may not drill and notch trusses and assembled beams.
Manufacturers of I-joists and engineered beams have limits about the size and location of holes. This Where cables will turn corners step 6, page 36 , drill is done easily with a right-angle drill, available at rental centers.
Insert a cable clamp into the to enter the circuit breaker panel. Clip away the excess knockout, and secure it with a locknut. Insert the cable through sheathing. Tighten the mounting screws on the clamp so the cable is gripped securely but not so tightly that the sheathing is crushed.
Retrieve the cable through the staples work well where two or more cables must be anchored other hole using needlenose pliers inset. Run the cable to the first electrical box.
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